The exchange of Red Pockets, known as Hongbao in Mandarin or Lai See in Cantonese, is arguably the most anticipated tradition of the Lunar New Year. But handing out these crimson envelopes is not just about giving away cash; it is a highly structured social ritual governed by strict hierarchy, symbolism, and numerical superstitions.
Who Gives to Whom?
The general rule of thumb is that wealth flows from the senior to the junior, and from the married to the unmarried.
- Elders to Children: Grandparents and parents give Hongbao to children to suppress evil spirits (the original money was called Ya Sui Qian, meaning “money to anchor the year”).
- Married to Unmarried: In many regions, especially in Southern China and Hong Kong, married couples are expected to give red envelopes to unmarried friends, younger colleagues, and service staff.
- Adult Children to Parents: Once you start earning a stable income, the flow reverses. Giving a generous red envelope to your aging parents is a profound display of filial piety and gratitude.
- Bosses to Employees: Given on the first day back at the office, this “open-door” Hongbao ensures a prosperous and harmonious working year.
The Rules of the Amount
The amount of money inside matters deeply, but the numbers used are even more critical than the total value.
1. The Lucky Numbers (8, 6, 9)
Always aim for even numbers (except 4).
- Eight (8): The ultimate lucky number. It sounds like Fa (wealth/prosperity). Amounts like 88, 800, or 888 are highly coveted.
- Six (6): Sounds like the word for “smooth.” Giving 600 means you wish the recipient a smooth, obstacle-free year.
- Nine (9): Although an odd number, 9 sounds like “longevity” and “eternity,” making it a great amount for elderly parents.
2. The Forbidden Number (4)
Never, under any circumstances, give an amount with the number 4 (e.g., 40, 400). In Chinese, the number 4 sounds almost identical to the word for “death” (死). Giving this amount is considered a terrible curse.
Essential Hongbao Etiquette
- Crisp New Bills Only: Never put old, wrinkled, or dirty money in a red envelope. People queue at banks for hours before the New Year specifically to exchange old bills for crisp, newly minted notes.
- Receive with Two Hands: When someone hands you a Hongbao, always accept it with both hands to show respect.
- Never Open in Public: It is incredibly rude to open the envelope and count the cash in front of the person who gave it to you. Wait until you are in private.
